Pneumonia

Inflammation of the lung parenchyma with impaired gas exchange and systemic signs.

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Clinical Signs

Systemic

Pyrexia Specific

Respiratory

Nasal discharge Specific Dyspnea Required Tachypnea Specific Cough Specific Respiratory distress Specific

Postmortem Findings

Carcass dehydration

Generalized congestion of visceral organs

Diagnosis

Thoracic auscultation and imaging

Auscultation of lung fields complemented by thoracic radiography.

Clinical examination

Careful history and physical examination focusing on the presenting syndrome.

Laboratory testing

Hematology, biochemistry, and serology to support the clinical suspicion.

Microbiological culture

Isolation and identification of the causative agent where applicable.

Molecular diagnostics (PCR)

Nucleic-acid based detection for rapid and specific confirmation.

Treatment

Supportive care

Fluid therapy, nutritional support, and rest.

Antipyretic therapy

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to control pyrexia and inflammation.

Prevention & Control

Biosecurity

Strict disinfection, quarantine of new arrivals, and controlled access.

Herd health monitoring

Early detection and isolation of clinically affected animals.

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Host Species

Cattle Primary host Susceptibility: susceptible
Pig Primary host Susceptibility: susceptible
Sheep Primary host Susceptibility: susceptible
Goat Primary host Susceptibility: susceptible
Calf Primary host Susceptibility: susceptible

Classification

Etiology Multifactorial infectious disease
Transmissibility contagious
Infectiousness infectious
Occurrence Patterns

endemic

Disease Courses

acute

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