Foot and Mouth Disease

Highly contagious viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals characterized by vesicles and erosions in the mouth, muzzle and feet.

Clinical signs

12

Host species

5

Viral disease Notifiable OIE Category: notifiable

Clinical Signs

Systemic

Pyrexia Required Depression

General Systemic Signs

Inappetence

Digestive

Hypersalivation Specific Oral vesicle Pathognomonic Tongue vesicle Pathognomonic Oral erosion Specific

Integumentary

Muzzle vesicle Pathognomonic

Musculoskeletal

Interdigital vesicle Pathognomonic Coronary band vesicle Pathognomonic Lameness Specific Hoof sloughing Specific

Postmortem Findings

Carcass dehydration

Generalized congestion of visceral organs

Vesicular lesions on mucosa and skin

Diagnosis

Clinical examination

Careful history and physical examination focusing on the presenting syndrome.

Laboratory testing

Hematology, biochemistry, and serology to support the clinical suspicion.

Microbiological culture

Isolation and identification of the causative agent where applicable.

Molecular diagnostics (PCR)

Nucleic-acid based detection for rapid and specific confirmation.

Treatment

Supportive care

Fluid therapy, nutritional support, and rest.

Antipyretic therapy

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to control pyrexia and inflammation.

Symptomatic and immune support

Supportive therapy since specific antiviral drugs are limited in veterinary practice.

Prevention & Control

Biosecurity

Strict disinfection, quarantine of new arrivals, and controlled access.

Herd health monitoring

Early detection and isolation of clinically affected animals.

Vaccination

Routine vaccination of susceptible populations to prevent outbreaks.

Related Products

No related products.

Classification

Etiology Viral disease
Notifiable Yes
Transmissibility contagious
Infectiousness infectious
OIE Category notifiable
Occurrence Patterns

epizootic, endemic

Disease Courses

acute

Host Species

Cattle Primary host Susceptibility: susceptible
Buffalo Primary host Susceptibility: susceptible
Pig Primary host Susceptibility: susceptible
Sheep Primary host Susceptibility: susceptible
Goat Primary host Susceptibility: susceptible

Associated Microorganisms

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