Viral disease
Foot and Mouth Disease
Overview
Etiology
Viral disease
Host Species
Buffalo, Cattle, Goat, Pig, Sheep
Associated Microorganisms
Clinical Signs
Pyrexia
Required
Specific
Weight: 9
Depression
Weight: 5
Inappetence
Weight: 5
Hypersalivation
Specific
Weight: 8
Oral vesicle
Pathognomonic
Required
Specific
Weight: 10
Tongue vesicle
Pathognomonic
Required
Specific
Weight: 10
Muzzle vesicle
Pathognomonic
Specific
Weight: 9
Interdigital vesicle
Pathognomonic
Specific
Weight: 9
Coronary band vesicle
Pathognomonic
Specific
Weight: 9
Oral erosion
Specific
Weight: 6
Lameness
Specific
Weight: 7
Hoof sloughing
Specific
Weight: 8
Postmortem Findings
Carcass dehydration
Generalized congestion of visceral organs
Vesicular lesions on mucosa and skin
Diagnosis
Clinical examination
Careful history and physical examination focusing on the presenting syndrome.
Laboratory testing
Hematology, biochemistry, and serology to support the clinical suspicion.
Microbiological culture
Isolation and identification of the causative agent where applicable.
Molecular diagnostics (PCR)
Nucleic-acid based detection for rapid and specific confirmation.
Treatment
Supportive care
Fluid therapy, nutritional support, and rest.
Antipyretic therapy
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to control pyrexia and inflammation.
Symptomatic and immune support
Supportive therapy since specific antiviral drugs are limited in veterinary practice.
Prevention & Control
Biosecurity
Strict disinfection, quarantine of new arrivals, and controlled access.
Herd health monitoring
Early detection and isolation of clinically affected animals.
Vaccination
Routine vaccination of susceptible populations to prevent outbreaks.